THE LATE ZBIGNIEW ZANIEWICKI
(27
January 1903 – 3 May 1991)
The memoirs about Zbigniew
Zaniewicki should not, strictly speaking, be written on a computer at home or
in a university reading room. They should rather be written by a hand that
remembers learning calligraphy
at the beginning of our century. They should be composed on the top of a portable table put in various places of the globe: at sea and on land, in the muggy air of the Amazon jungle and on the noisy and bustling pavement of a big city agglomeration, in a Paris cabaret and in a pre-war office of a state official, in the tobacco-filled flat of Zenon Przesmycki “Miriam” and on a Warsaw insurrection barricade, in a prisoner-of-war camp and in England so friendly towards Polish emigrants. This could be the hand of someone who came to take diverse roles in his life, that of a soldier, a traveller, a sailor, a waiter, a student, a poet, a manual worker, a secretary of a serious institution, a Doctor of Philosophy, an editor, a merchant, a businessman, a teacher, a printer and, last but not least, a husband and a father. Simultaneously, it should be the hand of someone who does not lack literary talent and that special kind of sensitivity which makes it possible to perceive various values of the everyday existence and to enjoy the vitality and the sensual beauty of the world. What is more, this person should be able to write an objective note on dramatic changes in the history of the twentieth century.
at the beginning of our century. They should be composed on the top of a portable table put in various places of the globe: at sea and on land, in the muggy air of the Amazon jungle and on the noisy and bustling pavement of a big city agglomeration, in a Paris cabaret and in a pre-war office of a state official, in the tobacco-filled flat of Zenon Przesmycki “Miriam” and on a Warsaw insurrection barricade, in a prisoner-of-war camp and in England so friendly towards Polish emigrants. This could be the hand of someone who came to take diverse roles in his life, that of a soldier, a traveller, a sailor, a waiter, a student, a poet, a manual worker, a secretary of a serious institution, a Doctor of Philosophy, an editor, a merchant, a businessman, a teacher, a printer and, last but not least, a husband and a father. Simultaneously, it should be the hand of someone who does not lack literary talent and that special kind of sensitivity which makes it possible to perceive various values of the everyday existence and to enjoy the vitality and the sensual beauty of the world. What is more, this person should be able to write an objective note on dramatic changes in the history of the twentieth century.
Such unrealistic – as we may suppose
– postulates were, fortunately, realised in the shape of six volumes of the
memoirs of the late Zbigniew Zaniewicki[1],
which give the opportunity to get to know in detail with the outstanding
biography of a man who witnessed and participated in the most important events
in the history of the new-born Poland and did credit to the Polish culture[2].
History and Norwid are, undoubtedly, two most important motifs of these
incredible memoirs, creating an unrepeatable chronicle of the 20th
century. Once in a while we can see in them how the passion of life and acting,
organizational skills and disinterested kindness towards others allow – in
spite of historic thunders – to
undertake and accomplish uncommon works. Thus, if I venture to form this
abstract mainly on the basis of these vivid pages, I do it not only due to the
need of “making public the gratitude” towards the meritorious editor of
Norwid’s texts and his closest co-worker, Zenon Przesmycki, but also because of
my personal desire to recollect the man I had the occasion to meet and talk to
several times in the year 1989.
Zbigniew Zaniewicki was born in
Warsaw on 27 January 1903 as the only son in Tomasz Zaniewicki’s second
marriage, the founder of Tomasz Zaniewicki Department Store (founded in 1895).
He starts his education in Warsaw, but breaks it in the fifth form to join the
defenders of Lvov. The next phase of his biography is his stay in Lvov First
Cadet Corps, again broken by an escape, this time to Upper Silesia, to join the
Third Silesian Uprising. On the basis of his military youth experiences he
would later create “Oberschlesien”. Niepowieść (“Oberschlesien”. A
Non-novel – the titles’ translations are the translator’s own version) (1930:
Warsaw), a documentary prose, partly a reportage, written from the perspective
of a participant of the insurrectionary fights. In 1920 Zbigniew Zaniewicki
takes part in the defence of Warsaw, then he passes his Matura exam, starts
studying Polish Philology and… breaks it after a year – in 1923, as a candidate
for a student in Business Marine Higher School, he sets sail for Brazil aboard
a school-sailing ship “Lwów”. Even during this voyage he participates in a
historic event: for the first time a vessel under the Polish flag crosses the
equator[3].
On 7 September the ship lands in Rio de Janeiro and the adventure-seeking adept
of the Marine School wilfully leaves the board to stay in Brazil. It was a
far-reaching decision, putting in motion a series of almost “novelistic”
events, complicated adventures, extreme perils and miraculous salvations.
Suffice it to mention a none too sensible boat expedition up the Amazon river,
as well as some consequences of the outbreak of the Brazilian revolution, as a
result of which Zaniewicki was arrested and accused of spying, finally the
malaria and an almost miraculous recovery. Years later these experiences bore
fruit – with an encouragement of Melchior Wańkowicz, Zaniewicki published his
debut book, a novel written in the first person Zielone piekło (inferno
verde). Z przeżyć w puszczy brazylijskiej (Green Hell (inferno verde).
On the Experiences in the Brazilian Jungle), published by “Rój” in 1928[4],
yet detailed recollections of the adventures on the Amazon filled the second
volume of the “chronicles”, published fifty years later – Moje pełnolecie (My
Whole Life). He comes back to Europe in spring 1925.
A hastily started ramble lasted
four years, two of which he spent in Paris. Zbigniew Zaniewicki works first as
a supplier to a restaurant, then as a waiter, finally he establishes, in the
company of two Russian artists of the stage, a cabaret “Uyutniy Ugolok”*. But, simultaneously, he starts his studies on the University of
Sorbonne on the History of the French Revolution and on Russian Literature. He
spends much of his time in Polish Library, relating in his memoirs a moving
encounter with Władysław Mickiewicz in the reading room of the Library.
He returns to Warsaw in the spring
of 1927. He attempts to improve his family’s material maintenance, but
simultaneously, he tries to renew his studies at the University of Warsaw.
Professor Józef Ujejski promises him to win University Senate’s agreement to
take his master’s degree within two years time. Zaniewicki undertakes a not
very attractive work of a clerk in Social Insurance Office, later replaced by a
scholarship organized by professor Ujejski. He passes his successive exams at
Professors: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Henryk Mościcki,
Stanisław Szober, he writes his master’s thesis about Jan Smolik and defends it
in November 1929.
In July that year Zbigniew
Zaniewicki begins his extremely busy clerking in Staszic Palace as a secretary
of the Polish Committee of the International Intellectual Cooperation
(Międzynarodowa Współpraca Intelektualna – MWI) under the presidency of
Professor Karol Lutostański. Soon new institutions arose under the patronage of
MWI, and the growing weight of office and organizational work fell upon the
only secretary. These institutions were: Polish University Office, Polish
Society for the Protection of Copyright (later ZAiKS), Central Committee of
Polish Political Science Institutions, Polish Office of the International
School Correspondence, Head Office of Summer Courses of the Polish Culture for
Foreigners, Polish Committee for the Inspection of Foreign School Coursebooks.
Suffice it to mention that the duties of these committees’ secretary involved
correspondence (hundreds of them a week), the organization of congresses,
writing reports and guidebooks, sending and collecting survey questionnaires,
etc. Organizational skills of a fresh graduate of the University of Warsaw
found an excellent field of activity. Let us mention some of the works prepared
and edited by Zaniewicki in this period: a 400-page guidebook about Polish
schools of higher education, International Intellectual Cooperation
1931/1932 (the Report of the Secretary of the Polish Committee of the
International Intellectual Cooperation). 1933. Warsaw; International
School Correspondence (History, Aim, Organisation and Methods). 1933.
Warsaw; and the editing of the Polish section of the francophone L’Organisation
de l’Enseigement Supérier. 1937. Paris.
Along with the duties of the
secretary of the MWI Zaniewicki finds time also for the literary production
(apart from the novels mentioned above he published a volume of poetry Ślady
(Traces). 1934. Warsaw: Dom Książki Polskiej), and for writing his
doctoral dissertation about Norwid’s poem Quidam, finished by a
successful defence of it on 18 June 1939[5].
In 1934 he marries a Frenchwoman,
the participant of the summer courses; when the war breaks out, he is already a
father of two sons: Witold and Jacek.
In the beginning of his clerking
job in Staszic Palace, in the autumn of 1927, Zaniewicki is visited in his
office by Zenon Przesmycki – the chairman of the Society for the Protection of
Copyright, working on renewing this right according to the Bern Convention.
Thanks to working hard at settling various office matters between the
Committee’s chairman and its secretary, mutual trust and sympathy arise, strengthened
by more and more frequent visits of Zaniewicki in the flat by 4 Mazowiecka
Street. Soon Norwid becomes the principal topic of their evening meetings.
On dozens of pages of his memoirs
(especially in From the Amazon to the
Vistula), Zbigniew Zaniewicki relates the details of his cooperation with
the discoverer of Norwid, the cooperation which led to the publication of seven
volumes of Complete Writings. Before this happens, however, Zaniewicki
encourages Miriam in making annotations to Selected Poems, assists
discreetly in editing three volumes of Inedits in 1933, after the
publication of Works (under the direction of Pini) he defends Miriam in
the press[6]
and accompanies him in court.
If, on the basis of his pre-war
appearances, the history was to assess his impact into the studies of Norwid,
Zaniewicki would at most stand among other explorers and fans of the production
of Norwid of that period. But the fate planned an outstanding role for him. In
his memoirs we can find, among others, an attempt to explain the causes of the
rebirth of Przesmycki’s editing activity, a phenomenon that by another
remarkable connoisseur of Norwid was defined as a “miracle”. This is what
Zaniewicki writes:
I must admit I am not convinced by
the statements that it was an illness that accounted for Miriam’s delays in
publishing. Of course, years influenced on him a lot – Miriam became slower in
everything, he read with a magnifying glass and his hands trembled because of
excessive smoking, which hindered him from writing quickly. But he did not
experience any “anguish”.
Let’s look at these matters from
the point of view of Miriam. He was fully aware that he presented Poland with a
great creator. (…) Mortkowicz’s refusal to publish further volumes of Collected
Works hurt Miriam who moved his interests towards studies of Hoene-Wroński,
and later – of the copyright. The attacks from Słonimski and others discouraged
him from work and every new assault increased this discouragement.
Precisely to counteract these
factors and throw him off the feeling of inertia, I decided to surround him
with son-like attachment, I would offer him disinterested help, I would
emphasize his merits and I would leap to his defence. That “miracle”, which J.
Gomulicki mentions, I must, with every immodesty, ascribe in large measure to
myself since it was the result of several years of my attempts to stimulate him
to further work.
These words set the history of the publishing
“miracle” in a new light – explaining it on the psychological plane. There are
no reasons why we should not believe Zaniewicki: a kind devotion which he
offered Miriam and help in coping with his adversaries could really have
released in the editor the new power to act. The confirmation of the meaning of
Zaniewicki’s efforts is, after all, the unquestionable enormity of work that
he, along with Przesmycki, put into the preparation and the publication of Complete
Writings[7].
This fact is known to the historians of literature, but it seems that even here
a few explanations should be made. It is true that it was Zaniewicki who, using
various tricks, convinced Miriam to put himself to the trouble of elaborating a
new, full and faithful edition of Norwid’s texts. Also true is that in great
measure he decided about the sequence of publishing particular sections of
Norwid’s production, being careful to give priority to the unpublished texts:
letters and dramas. True that it was him who gave the realistic idea of giving
up annotations. True that he decided to carry the burden of all organizational
endeavours: subscription, finances, proof-reading, contacts with a printing
house, etc. Last but not least, it is true that he assisted Miriam in writing
forewords to particular volumes and sections, provoking the Minister of Culture
to an utterance, making notes under a table, then wording it and giving it to a
final acceptation. If we recall the continuous problems of the editors with
Miriam not delivering on time texts of forewords or annotations, the conclusion
will not be difficult – most probably, Complete Writings would suffer
the same fate as Collected Works, if not for a providential appearance
of Zbigniew Zaniewicki. A further, tragic consequence of this hypothetical turn
would be, partly fulfilled, a possibility of disappearance or damage of the manuscripts
or their only copies as a result of a sort of fate, whether fire or water, even
if we take into account that no one had thought about the approaching war yet.
For sure, there is no need to wait
any longer for a historical verification of the impact of Zbigniew Zaniewicki
into Miriam’s editing success. In the light of some credible recollections, it
is clearly seen that without this cooperation Zenon Przesmycki would have never
published six volumes of Complete Writings, maybe also Inedits in
1933, the impression of the fifth and the sixth volume would not have survived
as well, probably we would not have volume seven[8],
and the canon of known Norwid’s texts would probably lack those writings that
had not been published earlier or were damaged during the war.
“Miriam’s Secretary” – as
Zaniewicki was often called – till the end of his life bore testimony of his
friendly attachment and memory of the discoverer of Norwid. He published
memoirs about Przesmycki, defended him and rectified unjust opinions appearing
in the press, delivered lectures and took the floor in occasional discussions.
“Sixteen years of friendship full of service and admiration on my part, and of
trust and approval – on his…” – he wrote after several years. With a smile he
remembered a summer resort of Chyliczki
– not far from Miriam’s place of isolation and ponderousness there was a villa
of the Zaniewickis. Seeing the famous editor walking behind the fence, could a
little boy suppose that after some years he would become his closest co-worker
and that they would take the effort so important for the Polish culture? Did he
intuit that in Ślady (Traces) he would write a remarkable
dedication: “To the Apostle of Beauty, that is Truth, to Miriam, I sacrifice this collection”?
Did he think that after years, in the occupied, and then destroyed, Warsaw, he
would have to take care of an elderly man devoted to Arts? It is hard to find
another, more accurate, example of a friendship concentrated around Norwid.
Due to the duties performed in the
International Intellectual Cooperation (MWI) Zaniewicki sets on a few journeys
before the war. From the first of them, to Paris, he returns a day before the
funeral of Józef Piłsudski. His last business travel – to London, at the end of
June 1939 – is not less dramatic. In a train from Berlin to Lyon he is “lucky”
to travel with a crowd of some party-activists on their way back from some
congress. A discussion arises, finished by a dangerous row. But as a result of
this incident, Zaniewicki, who, before his departure, had been asked by Leopold
Wellisz for a diagnosis of the “state of minds” in Germany, immediately sends a
telegram to Poland, after which Wellisz with his family decides to go to
America[9].
On August 27 Zaniewcki comes from Paris to London, where his wife and children
are waiting for him. But the next day, asked for escorting someone’s daughter,
he sets on a journey to Poland, through Italy and Yugoslavia. On August 31 they
arrive in Budapest, where they learn about the German attack on Poland. Through
Lvov, then by a goods train, they arrive in Warsaw on September 2. Again a
chance decides about the lot of Zbigniew Zaniewicki in the history.
It would be hard to retell here
even a part of all events from the years 1939-1945, mentioned in Five Fierce
Years and The Uprising and After. Zaniewicki – not forgetting about
Miriam and the volumes of Norwid edited at that time – works in the
anti-aircraft defence and participates in extinguishing fires. After the
capitulation he unsuccessfully tries to get to France. He gets back to the
capital, where he has to take care of the living of his mother and an ill
sister. In the course of time, he attempts to join actively in the life of the
underground, but what hinders him from it is Oberschlesien – a novel written
in his youth and making its author a potential source of dangers for the
conspirators. Living under occupation forces him to start working in trade. The
beginnings are humble – he sells torches and batteries. Later he offers berets,
paintbrushes and flypapers. In the
course of time they establish a warehouse offering spare parts for bicycles and
a factory producing batteries and cardboard-boxes. In 1944 Zaniewicki is
already a potentate, the owner of glass-works, and thanks to his organizational
skills, the factories and shops under his management employ about 200 people,
including Jews. He is not indifferent to the lot of others: if he can he turns
his money over, especially when a life-saving bribe comes into play. Several
times he himself was in a mortal danger. Once he was saved by a spoiling chain
in his bicycle, which decided about his late arrival at a conspiratorial
meeting, during which his friends were caught, another time it was money that
saved him. Some other time at a police station he was accused by his rival of
stealing 150 batteries and of the Jewish origin. Because the first charge
turned out to be absurd regarding Zaniewicki’s fortune, to support the second
charge the accuser gave the argument that a Pole would never have such a head
for business.
When the Uprising breaks out,
Zaniewicki volunteers and is admitted to a company which is part of Major
Bartkiewicz’s grouping. He takes part in an attack on PAST, where he injures
his forearm. As a result, he starts working in the Press Information Office; he
participates in rescue operations and extinguishing fires. On 25 September he
is seriously wounded in his lung. After the collapse of the Uprising he gets to
the prison war in Zeithain in Saxony.
In the camp he creates a few poems,
among others an occasional Wilia 1944 (Christmas Eve 1944) and
an autobiographical Don Kichot w niewoli (Don Quixote in Captivity).
After recovery, Zaniewicki joins in the camp life: he writes Szopka
powstańcza (The Insurrectionary Play), a show Powstanie listopadowe
(Fantazja) (The November Insurrection (A Fantasy)) and Styczniowa
fantazja (The January Fantasy), directed in the camp by Ziemowit
Karpiński. After some time he begins a lecturing action. The subject of his
lectures is, obviously, Norwid[10].
After the liberation of the camp he makes for Lyon to meet his wife and
children. Unfortunately, war separation and the lack of stability at the side
of a “Polish romantic” destroy the Polish-French marriage.
Zaniewicki spends his first years
after the war mainly in Paris, where he works first in the Parisian institute
of the MWI, and then in UNESCO. In 1950 he moves to England. He works as a
teacher and a printer. Here he meets his second wife, Margaret, and he settles
near Hastings, in St. Leonards-on-Sea. In 1957 he brings out Political and
Philosophical Writings by Norwid.
Margaret’s bad health condition,
suffering from poliomyelitis, which causes a partial paralysis and the mobility
limited to a wheelchair, as well as other family duties did not allow Zaniewicki
to carry on writing. His style, very picturesque and resembling fin-de-siecle
writings, was one more time shown in Rozmyślania nad „Quidam” (Meditations
on “Quidam”). At the beginning of the 1970s the successive volumes of his
memoirs begin to appear.
Zaniewicki participated actively in
numerous initiatives of the Society of Polish Writers on Emigration, he was a
member of the managing board, he also took part in a colleague court (in
Poland: a body that arbitrates disputes within a group, a staff or an organization).
Moreover, he was a member of the Editors’ Committee in „Pamiętnik Literacki”
(“Literary Diary”), published in London, for which he wrote about 100
biographical notes designed to appear in The Dictionary of Polish Writers on
Emigration. In 1981 he was awarded by the Society for the volume of memoirs
From the Amazon to the Vistula, and in 1983 he got award from the
Society of Polish Writers for his lifetime career achievement. He died on May
3, 1991 in St. Leonards-on-Sea.
When in February 1989 I was going
on a one-month scholarship to London, I did not suppose I would have got to a
hospitable home in St. Leonards-on-Sea. I received a very warm welcome by Mr.
and Mrs. Zaniewicki, and the day was filled with conversations about Miriam and
Norwid, during which, with a lot of pleasure, I took the position of a listener
of the recollections fixed in the memory of Mr. Zaniewicki. If not for knowing
his age – judging by his gesticulation and his old face – I would have been
convinced that the man talking to me was no more than sixty years old. After
dinner we brought up the subject of the studies of Norwid and soon – to my big
surprise – the editor decided to hand over all his books and materials to the
Department of the Study of Norwid of the Catholic Lublin University. Due to the
volume and weight of the unexpected donation the plan was not put into practice
until October. The first of the visits in autumn failed – Mr. Zaniewicki did
not feel well, he mixed English and Polish, mistook me for someone else. Even
the hostess was worried by her husband’s condition. I returned for a night to
London full of fear. The next day everything became clear: an elderly man
mistook both a medicine and its dose. When I reached Zaniewickis’ house on St.
Matthew Rd. at about midday, I was welcomed by the usual kindness and we
immediately got down to packing the collection. Thanks to this, many works on
Norwid survived, such as a few dozens of the seventh volume of Complete
Writings, a typescript of Zaniewicki’s doctoral dissertation, the majority
of pre-war editions of Norwid, books and extra copies of scientific articles
originally dedicated to the “secretary Miriam”, finally a small archive of
items cut out from the press[11].
Mr. Zbigniew Zaniewicki retained only one book: a copy of Selected Poems,
bound in leather, purchased in Zaithain and personally signed by Zenon
Przesmycki.
Adam Cedro
[1] These are their titles according to
the publication date: Moje dwudziestolecie (My Twenty Years). 1976.
London: PFK; Moje pełnolecie (My Whole Life). 1977. London: PFK; Od
Amazonki do Wisły (From the Amazon to the Vistula). 1980. London:
PFK; Pięć groźnych lat (Five Fierce Years). 1982. London: PFK; Powstanie
i potem (The Uprising and After). 1984. London: OPiM; Na
pobojowisku. 1945-1950 (On the battlefield. 1945-1950).
1988. London: PFK. A few biographical dates are included in Leksykon
polskiej literatury emigracyjnej (Lexicon of Polish Emigration
Literature) by Jan Zieliński (Jan Kowalski). 1989. Lublin pp. 142-143 (with
mistakes) and in Słownik pisarzy polskich na obczyźnie (The
Dictionary of Polish Writers on Emigration). 1980. “Pamiętnik
Literacki”: 3, p. 118. (– the
titles’ translations here and in other parts of this text are the translator’s
own version)
[2] In the interview by Regina Wasiak
in 1982 he stated: “I belong to those lucky Poles who terribly awaited
independence and who did live to see it. They were happy to fight for
it, and then they intended to ‘build something out of nothing’. […] To note the
truth about those years was my aim, my idea of writing. It would be wonderful
if in 100 years’ time someone read it and started to ‘breathe’ the epoch that I
have lived through.” Korespondent własnego życia – rozmowa ze Zbigniwem
Zaniewickim (The Correspondent of His Own Life – an Interview with
Zbigniew Zaniewicki). “Pamiętnik Literacki” (London) 6:1983 p. 85.
[3] On the basis of his marine
experiences Zaniewicki would after several years publish his novel Równik (The
Equator) (1936. Warsaw: Książnica Atlas).
[4] The date on the cover is incorrect:
1929.
* In Polish the term “kabaret” –
“cabaret” means rather a performance consisting of silly, often satirical,
comedy sketches (– translator’s note).
[5] In his volume Od Amazonki do
Wisły (From the Amazon to the Vistula) Zaniewicki with the humour proper
to him comments this fact: “I think I was the last ‘Doctor of Philosophy’ who
obtained the degree from the University of Józef Piłsudski (because of the
surname on ‘Z’)”.
[6] Five articles by Zaniewicki were
reprinted (with a few changes) in the anthology Norwid i dziś. Głosy
krytyczne o wydaniu „Dzieł” Norwida przez Tadeusza Piniego (Norwid and
Today. Critical Voices
on the Publication of Norwid’s “Works” by Tadeusz Pini) by S. P. Koczorowski (1935:
Warsaw).
[7] “Within two years we published
seven volumes, over 2500 pages of the texts by Norwid, in small print. Taking
into consideration the fact that we made about three proof-readings, that we
published everything except the poetry, which was edited before the First War,
that Miriam was 78 and that we would sell the first four volumes for 13 zlotys
(the editors valued the price at 50 zł), this was a big work, one of the
biggest at that time.” Z. Zaniewicki in the interview by R. Wasiak.
[8] C. Norwid. 1957. Political and
Philosophical Writings. Collected and arranged by Zenon Przesmycki
(Miriam). London: Oficyna Poetów i Malarzy. This volume has an interesting history, because
only one copy survived from among the pre-war impression, and Miriam’s foreword
was reconstructed by Zaniewicki, on the basis of his own notes. Characteristic
for his attitude is also the fact that he hid his name on the editorial page.
Of course, if he had comprehended the code of modesty in another way, he would
have put his name under that of Przesmycki on the front page, regarding the
extent of his work.
[9] Let us recall that Wellisz loaned
the “editing committee” of Complete Writings money for the purchase of
paper for printing all volumes. At the beginning of the occupation, for fear of
the requisition of the valuable material, Zaniewicki and Półtawski sold the
remaining paper to the publishers of the underground, and with the received
money they supported Miriam. The debt owed to Wellisz was never paid off, even
as a symbolic, reliable documenting of all his merits towards the Polish
culture.
[10] Conversations from Zeithain were
included, as an introduction, in the selection of Norwid’s poetry Trzy
miłości (Three Loves), published by Zaniewicki after the war (1946. Paris:
Księgarnia Polska).
To get the volume of Selected
Poems, necessary for the lecture, the ambitious fan of Norwid had to give
in exchange a chicken and two loaves of bread, which he had bought from a
speculator for 200 cigarettes (one packet cost $2 to $4!).
[11] The books, after being marked that
they come from Zbigniew Zaniewicki’s grant, enlarged the collection of the
Department of the Study of Norwid considerably, it was also there that other
materials were stored. Unfortunately, after sending formal thanks along with a
full list of the received materials, the Department did never obtain any
response.
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